Takk for din påmelding.
Du vil nå regelmessig motta nyheter om Oslo.
Ha en fin dag :)
Hilsen oss i Oslo kommune
New policies have led to the gradual phasing in of electric vans in Oslo. However, heavier vans are still lagging behind, and even less progress has been made with trucks. There is also a very limited infrastructure for charging and tanking heavy-duty transport with electricity, hydrogen and biogas in place today.
At the beginning of 2021, there is a moderate selection of emission-free heavy vans and lighter trucks available on the Norwegian market. These vehicles are likely to become markedly more available by 2025. For now, the investment cost remains significant compared to fossil fuel alternatives.
Our research in the industry shows that the most important barriers on achieving zero emission transport are finances, access to charging infrastructure and access to adequate type of vehicles. Additionally, an industry structure with many small businesses is typically more difficult to transform than actors with large fleets of vehicles.
Dialogue with the industry has shown that clear targets are needed towards zero emission in 2030, including a vocal goal of phasing out fossil fuels entirely. In order to achieve such a shift, measures are needed to reduce the financial burden on businesses. Infrastructure for charging and tanking needs to be ahead of the curve, and to be designed and scaled for a zero emission society.
The respondents say that to overcome the challenges they require measures like financial support to invest in vehicles and infrastructure, more environmental differentiation in the toll ring and other benefits like access to public transport lanes and dedicated parking for zero emission vehicles.
This report suggests the implementation of stronger local GHG mitigation measures in the toll ring, in procurements, usage benefits, regulations, support schemes and infrastructure for charging and refuelling. It also suggests measures for reduced transport and some larger pilot projects.
Some measures are most important for accelerating in the early stage (2021-22), other measures are more important for the rollout stage (2023-26) and some for the stage of phasing out fossil fuel vehicles (2027-2030).
Here, this three-stage approach is illustrated with implementation of the different measures on a timeline from 2021 to 2030.
Local measures |
Early stage | |
2021 | 2022 | |
Information to the transport industry | Communication of GHG-targets and strategy for zero emission vehicles | Webpage with information about zero emission trucks |
Environmental differentiation in the toll ring | Decision of minimum 5 years of free passing for zero emission heavy vehicles | Reduced fee of biogas |
Procurements | Minimum requirement of zero emission/biogas transport if three suppliers can deliver | All suppliers must use the same requirements in their procurements as the City of Oslo |
Include long haul transport in the requirements | Development contracts for new vehicles | |
Usage benefits | All parking for commercial vehicles in city centre are dedicated to zero emission | All cargo loading space in city centre are dedicated to zero emission vehicles |
Access to public transport lane for zero emission vans and trucks | ||
Zoning regulation | Adopt zero emission zone in three stages to 2030 | |
Support schemes from City of Oslo’s Climate and energy fund | Support depot charging and more | Loans to small businesses to shift to zero emission vehicles |
Development of charging and tanking infrastructure of electric, biogas and hydrogen | Basic tanking infrastructure and energy stations | Energy stations established around the city |
Implement adequate charging infrastructure for heavy duty vehicles as described in the City’s charging strategy | ||
Large pilot projects | Zero emission route from Oslo port to the goods terminal | |
Cooperation on procurements | ||
Information and influence | ||
Reduce transport | Consolidating centres |
Table 1: Shows the first of three stages for the introduction of local measures for zero emission heavy-duty transport.
Local measures |
Full rollout stage | Phasing out all fossil fuel transport |
2023-2026 | 2027-2030 | |
Information to the transport industry | ||
Environmental differentiation in the toll ring | Increased fee in city centre
Increased fee for new ICE vehicles |
Keep the difference in fee when pricing is introduced for zero emission vehicles |
Procurements | Minimum requirements of zero emission in all procurements | |
The vehicles park of the city is zero emission | ||
Usage benefits | Environmental lanes | |
Zoning regulation | Phase 1: Zero emission zone in city centre (Ring 1) for vans
Phase 2: Zero emission zone for all vehicles in extended city centre (Ring 2) |
Phase 3: Zero emission zone for all vehicles in all of Oslo |
Support schemes from City of Oslo’s Climate and energy fund | Wreck deposit to phase out last ICE vehicles | |
Development of charging and tanking infrastructure of electric, biogas and hydrogen | ||
Large pilot projects | ||
Reduce transport |
Table 2: Three stages for the introduction of local measures for emission free heavy-duty transport. Stage 2: Full rollout and stage 3 phasing out all fossil fuel transport.
National measures |
Early stage | Full rollout stage | Phasing out all fossil fuel transport |
2021-2022 | 2023-2026 | 2027-2030 | |
National measures | |||
Environmental differentiation in taxes | Increased CO2-tax
Increased registration tax large ICE vans |
Introduction of registration tax for ICE trucks | Keep the difference in fee when pricing is introduced for zero emission vehicles |
More beneficial depreciation rules | More beneficial depreciation rules for zero emission vehicles | ||
National support schemes (Enova) | National support scheme to zero emission/biogas vehicles and infrastructure | Phase out of support schemes | Wreck deposit for phase out of last ICE vehicles |
Procurements | Requirements of zero emission/biogas in all public procurements including transport |
Table 3: National measures. Three stages for the introduction of national measures for emission free heavy-duty transport.
In the early stage the public sector needs to implement measures that can accelerate the market, while also ensuring predictability for the transport industry. The public sector also needs to ensure framework conditions like charging and tanking structure.
In the full rollout stage, there will be a wider selection of zero emission vehicles, which enables more regulations – for example the first zero-emission zones.
In the final stage, where fossil fuel vehicles are being phased out, special measures are needed in order to speed up the transformation of the vehicle fleets to zero emission. The necessary amount of effort needed in this stage will depend on the amount of fossil fuel vehicles sold earlier in the period.
The report suggests the introduction or reinforcement of the following local measures:
Among all the local measures, the report considers three to be of particular importance, as they may be the most effective GHG-mitigating measures.
Table 4 sums up how much each measure is estimated to cut emissions, in addition to the existing measures.
Many different actors shall make decisions about vehicles, fuel, procurement criteria and other things in order for the municipality to reach its goals. Different actors have varying levels of knowledge and need of information, which may also affect decisions. For the measures from this report to lead to actual changes, information must reach all the decision makers. A clear and active information and influencing campaign towards specific groups can contribute to improving the effect of the measures.
The report also suggests enhanced national measures related to fee policies, support schemes from Enova, procurements, regulations and removal of financial and regulatory barriers. These measures are particularly important. Banning certain sales may be a last resort. Political and potentially judicial limitations are still in place, however.
There is a need of a combination of local and national measures. More ambitious national policies reduce the need of stronger local measures. However, it is important to keep in mind that Oslo have much more ambitious GHG targets to reach than the national government. Regardless, it is important that Oslo get acceptance from the government to develop an ambitious toolbox of measures, even when this can affect national interests in the Oslo region.
Particular attention should be paid to the numerous small businesses in the heavy-duty transport sector. They could for example receive assistance with their Enova applications, vehicle testing and education on zero emission technology.
When implementing the different measures, particularly zero emission zones, it is important to pay attention to the entire city. The respondents in our study only have a small share of their traffic activity in the city centre. The areas around Alnabru (freight terminal) and the stretch of road between Alnabru and Oslo harbour is of great importance.
Measures |
GMG mitigating effect [ton CO2/year] | |
2025 | 2030 | |
Environmental differentiation in the toll ring
Min. 5 years of free passing for zero emission vehicles Reduced price biogas Increased price heavy-duty diesel Increased price new ICE vehicles Remove quantity discount |
7 500 10 000 5 500 13 000 4 500 |
10 000 13 000 20 000 78 500 6 000 |
Procurements
Minimum requirements of zero emission in all procurements Include long haul transport in the requirements All suppliers must use the same requirements as Oslo Requirements of zero emission transport in construction Quicker introduction of zero emission in the City’s fleet |
2 000 2 500 6 000 3 500 500 |
2 000 3 500 13 500 13 500 500 |
Usage benefits
Dedicated cargo loading space and time slots for ZE Access to the public transport lane |
6 000 13 000 4 500 |
6 000 13 000 26 000 |
Zoning regulation
Zero emission zones Low emission zones or a fee-based zone |
14 000 3 000 |
153 000 8 500 |
Support schemes from City of Oslo’s Climate and energy fund
Depot charging Assistance with applications Wreck deposit for ICE vehicles |
500 500 0 |
500 500 8 500 |
Development of charging and tanking infrastructure of electric, biogas and hydrogen
Increased erection of charging and tanking infrastructure Decreased grid rent and grid taxes for fast charging |
8 500 2 000 |
11 000 2 000 |
Large pilot projects
Cooperation on procurements Zero emission route Information and influence |
3 500 1 000 2 000 |
8 000 1 000 3 000 |
Reduce transport
Consolidation centres |
2 500 |
4 000 |
Table 4: Evaluation of the effect of the measures for reducing GHG-emission for heavy-duty transport in Oslo. The GHG mitigating effects are calculated individually for each measures- The effect of the different